What are the types of flame retardants?

Flame retardant science and technology is a science developed to meet the needs of social safety in production and life, prevent fires, and protect people's lives and properties. Flame retardant is the application of flame retardant technology in real life. It is a special chemical additive used to improve the combustion performance of combustible and combustible materials. It is widely used in the flame retardant processing of various decoration materials. The material processed by flame retardant can effectively prevent, delay or stop the spread of flame when it is attacked by external fire sources, so as to achieve the effect of flame retardant.

Flame retardants are divided into two types: physically mixed additive flame retardants and chemically bonded reactive flame retardants. The basic requirements for the physical properties of flame retardants are:
① Good compatibility with plastics and synthetic fibers;
②Does not change the inherent excellent properties of the original substance;
③ Small dosage and high effect;
④No decomposition at processing temperature;
⑤Small toxicity, no toxic gas is produced during combustion;
⑥ Low cost.

There are many materials that can be used as flame retardants, such as alkyl phosphates: tributyl phosphate, tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, tris(2,3) phosphate -Dichloropropyl) ester, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate, Pyrol99, etc.; aryl phosphate: toluene-diphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, phosphoric acid (2 -Ethylhexyl)-diphenyl ester and the like. Dicyclopentadienes: Chlordane anhydride, etc. Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, especially bromides: Dibromomethane, chlorobromomethane, dichlorobromomethane and octabromodiphenyl oxide, pentabromoethylbenzene, tetrabromobisphenol A and other aromatic bromides and other halogenated substances .
In addition, there are tris(dibromopropyl) phosphate and halogenated cyclohexane and its derivatives, decabromodiphenyl ether and its derivatives. Inorganic flame retardants include tellurium compounds, aluminum hydroxy, magnesium hydroxide, borate and the like. Organic nitrogen flame retardants such as triazine and its derivatives, melamine, etc. are not ideal when used alone, but when used in combination with phosphorus flame retardants, they can have a synergistic effect. There are two types of composite flame retardants like this. One is a compound flame retardant that is mechanically mixed with two flame retardants; the other is a compound containing nitrogen and phosphorus at the same time. The former is a flame retardant composed of melamine and polyphosphate, and a flame retardant composed of urea, dicyandiamide and phosphate; the latter is a melamine salt of pentaerythritol phosphate, cyclophosphamide polymer, etc.